Scope of Application Metal Cutting

Application of metal cutting in construction is very broad, covering construction as follows:

1. Shipping (Shipping & Ship Building Engineering)
2. Offshore oil rigs (Oil & Gas Offshore Platforms & Facilities Engineering)
3. Tall building metal construction (General High Rise Building Construction)
4. Bridge (Bridge Construction)
5. Pressure Vessel (Pressure Vessel Engineering)
6. Pipe Distributors, (Piping and Pipe Line Construction)
7. Boiler (Steam Generator Boiler & Engineering)

At first the use of metal cutting tools with a philosophy of separating molecules bonding metal using saws, Sculpture, Scissors, made ​​of harder metal to metal being cut.

About Oil Drilling

In January 2001 alone, the United States produced an estimated 181 million barrels of crude oil and imported 273 million barrels from other countries. This oil gets refined into gasoline, kerosene, heating oil and other products. To keep up with our consumption, oil companies must constantly look for new sources of petroleum, as well as improve the production of existing wells.
How does a company go about finding oil and pumping it from the ground? You may have seen images of black crude oil gushing out of the ground, or seen an oil well in movies and television shows like "Giant," "Oklahoma Crude," "Armageddon" and "Beverly Hillbillies." But modern oil production is quite different from the way it's portrayed in the movies.
In this article, we will examine how modern oil exploration and drilling works. We will discuss how oil is formed, found and extracted from the ground.
Oil Exploration
Oil is a fossil fuel that can be found in many countries around the world. In this section, we will discuss how oil is formed and how geologists find it.
Forming Oil
Oil is formed from the remains of tiny plants and animals (plankton) that died in ancient seas between 10 million and 600 million years ago. After the organisms died, they sank into the sand and mud at the bottom of the sea.

Types Of Butt Joint Welds

Types Of Butt Joint Welds

1 Tack Welds

Prevent butt joint distortion by tack weldingthe materials in position before final weld.

Workpiece distortion occurs when heat is applied locally to a joint. One side of a metal plate will “curl” up toward the weld.

Distortion will also cause the edges of a butt joint to pull together ahead of the electrode as the weld cools.

2 Square Groove Weld

3 Single V-Groove Weld

4 Double V-Groove Weld

Materials up to 3/16 in (5 mm) thick can often be welded without special preparation using the square groove weld. However, when welding thicker materials it may be necessary to prepare the edges (V-groove) of butt joints to ensure good welds.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR WELDING

Apart from resistance spot welding (RSW), three processes are most commonly used for welding metal stampings and fabrications: gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or MIG; gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or TIG; and gas welding.
Although a high initial investment is necessary, laser welding is being more widely employed by companies requiring large quantities of multi-point welds. This method employs robots, welding at speeds of up to 150 inches (3.8 m) per minute. Other processes--plasma arc, ultrasonic, and electron beam welding--are also available, but these methods are usually restricted to welding of particular materials with special design requirements, such as microelectronic and aerospace components. Suitability for general sheet metal applications is limited, and processing may be cost-prohibitive.

PRINCIPLES OF SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (SMAW)

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) or Stick welding is a process which melts and  joins metals by heating them with an arc between a coated metal electrode and the workpiece. The electrode outer coating, called flux, assists in creating the arc and provides the shielding gas and slag covering to protect the weld from contamination. The electrode core provides most of the weld filler metal.When the electrode is moved along the workpiece at the correct speed the metal deposits in a uniform layer called a bead.